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Richard Burdon Haldane, 1st Viscount Haldane, KT, OM, PC, KC, FRS, FBA, FSA (; 30 July 1856 – 19 August 1928) was an influential British Liberal Imperialist and later Labour politician, lawyer and philosopher. He was Secretary of State for War between 1905 and 1912 during which time the "Haldane Reforms" were implemented. Raised to the peerage as Viscount Haldane in 1911, he was Lord Chancellor between 1912 and 1915, when he was forced to resign because of his German sympathies. He later joined the Labour Party and once again served as Lord Chancellor in 1924 in the first ever Labour administration. Apart from his legal and political careers, Haldane was also an influential writer on philosophy, in recognition of which he was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 1914. A radical liberal,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Political Change and the Labour Party 1900-1918 )〕 Haldane was also, according to historian Martin Pugh, one of the “best supporters” of David Lloyd George’s “People’s Budget.”〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Lloyd George )〕 ==Background and education== R.B. Haldane was born at 17 Charlotte Square, Edinburgh, the son of Robert Haldane and his wife Mary Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Burdon-Sanderson. He was the grandson of the Scottish evangelist James Alexander Haldane, the brother of respiratory physiologist John Scott Haldane, Sir William Haldane and author Elizabeth Haldane, and the uncle of J. B. S. Haldane and Naomi Mitchison. He received his first education at the Edinburgh Academy, and then at the Göttingen University He gained a first and MA at University of Edinburgh〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=- Person Page 23470 )〕 where he received first-class honours in Philosophy and as Gray scholar and Ferguson scholar in philosophy of the four Scottish Universities. After studying law in London, he was called to the Bar, Lincoln's Inn, in 1879,〔 and became a successful lawyer. He was taken on at 5 New Square Chambers by Lord Davey in 1882 as the junior. Haldane's practice was a specialism in conveyancing; a particular skill for pleadings at appeal and tribunal cases, bringing cases to the privy council and house of Lords. By 1890 he had made silk, a Queen's Counsel. By 1905 he was earning £20,000 per annum (just over £1.6m at 2010 prices〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Measuring Worth - Relative Worth Calculators and Data Sets )〕) at the Bar.〔Reid 2006, p132〕 He joined the elite at Lincoln's Inn being made a bencher in 1893. Amongst his early friends was Edmund Gosse, the scholarly librarian at the inn's law library, whose help made Haldane well known for researching casework. Haldane gained a reputation for being fully prepared in court and parliament briefs. Haldane was deep thinker, an unusual breed: a philosopher-politician. During his stay at Göttingen he expanded an interest in the German philosophers, Schopenauer and Hegel. He had refused a place at Balliol, but in nodding respect for the Master and philosopher, T H Green, he dedicated his Schopenauer translation ''The World as Will and Idea'' which he carried through with a friend, Peter Hume Brown, the Scottish historian. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Richard Haldane, 1st Viscount Haldane」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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